“Malaria is as old as Egyptian civilization itself, but the disease that plagued pharaohs now belongs to its history,” WHO chief Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus.
We have documented the fight against malaria in this substack before. But this is news that merits its own post.
Following in the footsteps on Morocco, Egypt and its 114 million population is the second country in its region to be declared Malaria-free. (Based on the progress made in recent years, it's likely that Sudan will be the next country in the Eastern Mediterranean region to be declared malaria-free.)
The turning of the tide against malaria is a remarkable example of human resilience and medical advancement, and it’s quite fitting that Egypt, a nation steeped in ancient history, is such an early success story. A century’s worth of work results in a significant public health milestone and a triumph over a disease that has plagued the country for millennia.
Malaria has been a mortal threat in Egypt since the times of Tutankhamen (1332–1323 BC). The irony of the situation is that since it is spread by mosquitoes, the same Nile River that provided water for crops and sustenance also served as a breeding ground for the carries of this parasitic disease.
Egypt's journey to a malaria-free status began last century when its government began to explore ways to reduce mosquito breeding. Progress was made, but WWII proved a disruption that led toa resurgence.
But after the war, efforts were redoubled with treatment centers and specifically trained workers. But for every two steps forward, there was one step back. This, for the post-war period, was the construction of the Aswan Dam which created one BIG breeding site. It took years using new technologies and vigilance to get Egypt back on the right path.
Finally eradication came about via a concerted effort involving government, public healthcare professionals, and the people themselves. Continued investment in surveillance, trained healthcare workers, and free public treatment drove the eradication effort. Additionally politics played a role, with Egypt working with their neighbors (particularly Sudan) to manage borders and prevent significant reintroduction of malaria.
Egypt's achievement is not only a good thing, but it sets a good example. Sustained commitment, effective strategies, and international cooperation, this is a good formula for any problem.
Egypt's victory offers a beacon of hope and a roadmap for progress.
It is also a good thing.